California courts and ACLU say First Amendment doesn't apply to Catholic Charities
It's hard to say how disappointed I am in this case. To vigorously defend women's rights to equality is entirely proper for an organization like the American Civil Liberties Union. Likewise, for them to oppose legalistic restrictions on public access to contraceptives. For them to vigorously defend abortion is understandable, although I believe their position is tragically and horribly wrong. But when they insist that state governments compel a religious charity to violate its beliefs by supplying contraceptives (possibly including abortifacients like RU486) to its employees, they have clearly lost all respect for the religious freedom guaranteed in the First Amendment.
The ACLU's brief in the case argues that "The Women’s Contraception Equity Act (“Contraception Equity Act”) requires employment health insurance policies that include prescription drug benefits to cover contraception....The statute exempts “religious employers” that satisfy four criteria:
(A) The inculcation of religious values is the purpose of the entity. (B) The entity primarily employs persons who share the religious tenets of the entity. (C) The entity serves primarily persons who share the religious tenets of the entity. (D) The entity is a nonprofit organization pursuant to Section 6033(a)(2)(A)(i) or (iii) of the Internal
Revenue Code.1"
It goes on to argue that the right to consider religious beliefs in employment practices on the part of religious organizations applies only to "clergy officials, members of religious orders, and teachers at church schools established for religious instruction.... In contrast, the Act does not excuse institutions that provide secular services, such as hospitals, universities and relief agencies, from giving their religiously diverse workforce equitable health benefits, regardless of whether the employing organizations have a religious affiliation."
Note that the "religiously diverse workforce" results in part from the legal mandate that religious organizations may not exercise religious criteria outside of the narrow categories mentioned, and that 'equitable' has been quite arbitrarily defined by the state to mean 'supplying subsidized contraceptives'."
Unless Catholic Charities is somehow legally mandated to provide prescription drug coverage by California law, it appears that they have no choice but to drop their employees' coverage or violate their own beliefs by financially subsidizing practices repugnant to them. (Perhaps Pablo has some knowledge of the relevant laws/regulations?) Perhaps it would serve the state of California right if Catholic Charities promptly fired all non-Catholic employees and ceased all services to non-Catholics in hopes of fitting within the narrow, crabbed confines of the ACLU's and the court's definition of a religious organization, and thus still being allowed to honor their beliefs. The affected people could all be handed copies of the Court's decision and informed to seek help from the State of California and the ACLU.
I suppose if that happened, they would probably be sued for violating the First Amendment, or for violating some codicil of labor law. More distressingly, it would violate Christ's teachings and example of healing the sick and helping the poor.
Guess I won't be sending that check to the ACLU after all. I wonder: does the ACLU headquarters have a "No Catholics Need Apply" sign hanging in the front window?
Wouldn't it be nice if there were a civil liberties organization that truly cared about, well, civil liberties in general, even those of people who disagreed with its hyper-feminist faction's strident demands for subsidized abortions at all costs?
Now perhaps some folks reading this think that it's just hunky-dory to mandate that churches pay for their employees' contraceptives and, in the near future, pay for abortions, or euthanasia, or health care to homosexual partners/spouses, etc. Some may even consider it a victory to be crowed and bragged over. Such is left-wing triumphalism, no better than right-wing triumphalism. But consider: what would be the appropriate response if you, as the operator of a charity, were ordered by the State to do something you found sinful and utterly repugnant to your beliefs. Say, involuntarily sterilizing members of "genetically inferior" races, or euthanizing "economically non-viable" people, or forcibly administering mind-altering drugs to patients who held politically "undesirable" views? Think about it. Then ask yourself whether it's right to force Catholics to -- in their eyes -- financially support the murder of children.
Here's more food for thought. One of the key arguments in the ACLU's brief to ignore Catholic Charities' First Amendment rights in this case was, and I quote,
Catholic Charities is the paradigm of a secular organization that is not exempt from state labor policy. Its employees predominantly do not share the Catholic faith. Its charitable work is secular. It is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, which receives substantial government funds. Catholic Charities serves people of all faiths – and people who adhere to no faith – in California’s pluralistic population. (emphasis added.)
What does this foretell about the "Faith-Based Initiatives" that propose to direct governmental money into the activities of religious organizations all over the country?
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1 comment:
Trebor @ 10:55AM | 2004-03-18| permalink
er, ditto.
But now how do we differentiation a "real" religious organization from a bunch of a-holes who don't want to pay for what many would consider routine health care?
~ Trebor
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Fiend @ 9:15PM | 2004-03-18| permalink
The flip-side of Catholic institutions refusing to provide contraception coverage: "Several federal courts have rejected free-exercise defenses claimed by conservative church schools sued for sex discrimination by teachers fired for getting pregnant out of wedlock."
Damned if you do...
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Felix @ 12:51AM | 2004-03-20| permalink
Wow. My first Ditto. I'm not sure whether to be flattered or insulted.
Although there are, as Trebor puts it, a*holds who would use claims of being a religion just to avoid taxes, I don't see that as being relevant to this case. The case isn't about paying taxes; it's about forcing an organization to provide a certain type of insurance coverage that violates its religious beliefs. I could be sympathetic to a requirement that the premiums charged to employees be reduced by an amount consistent with the lesser coverage. It's the arbitraty, one-size-fits-all mandate for the coverage in the first place that is objectionable.
Fiend, I would argue that the groups discussed are (or, rather should be) within their rights, although I'd also argue that the Jesus I read about in the New Testament would be more likely to try to show such a woman how to live in a better way than to summarily shun her. The policy referred to seems like a tailor-made way to encourage inconveniently pregnant women to get abortions.
I would also hope that those church schools are equally diligent in summarily firing men who father illegitimate children, screw around with secretaries, fondle students, etc.
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Pablo @ 11:26AM | 2004-03-20| permalink
Religious Conservatives frequently oppose the political view that the state should accomodate the church. Instead they favor the "Wall of Separation" views.
This appears to be a case where an organization (religious? maybe, maybe not) accepts money from the government, and then the government turns around and uses that to claim jurisdiction over the organization.
I am not familiar enough with this group to know if I would define this organization as religious or secular. However, I do not take the position that an organization is automatically religious just because it has a religious word or a name of a religious affiliation in its title.
Here's a question. Is Thee University religious or secular?
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Trebor @ 3:43PM | 2004-03-20| permalink
Thee U. claims religious, and it claims Title IX exemptions accordingly (or was that Title X?). They are very clear about that. In fact, they ensure that over 50% of its students are Baptist (I think the number is about %51). Given the article above, I now see why. ~ Trebor
And yes, they expell unmarried pregnant students. As the former president (Dr. Herb Reynolds) thoughtfully explained once "we are not a birthing institute."
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Pablo @ 11:35PM | 2004-03-20| permalink
Since Felix suggested I bring my career expertise (health insurance) to this discussion, here it goes -
In insurance, states have something called "Mandated Benefits." It basically means that if any health insurance product sold in that state must contain said benefits.
Some are innocuous. For instance, in Pennsylvania, a maternity policy or rider must include coverage for midwifery. This California one (which I know nothing about outside of this blog) is not. California apparently realized it was controversial and therefore exempted SOME religious organizations based on strict standards.
This two-tier religious system is not uncommon in America. It's very easy for any group to call itself a religious organization. (Otherwise, the government would be defining what constitutes "religion.")
However, in other places the government uses much stricter standards. The ones mentioned in the blog are quite normal.
This is why a church, for example, may have some extremely stringent requirements on its pastors (male, have a particular religous belief system, etc.) but a religiously-affiliated univerity may not have such stringent requirements on its students (unless its a seminary, etc.).
Whether or not it was applied correctly here, I do not find this two-tiered system unreasonable. It is wrong for Thee University to kick out pregnant women or homosexuals because it provides mainly a secular education no matter what its affiliation is. (For the record, I have no idea whether they still do.)
On a religious aside, I have never been able to understand how Baptists can say that a Baptist church has no right to get rid of anyone for any reason due to "Priesthood of the Believer" but at the same time can support Thee University PUNISHING students with expulsion for "immoral conduct."
In the case of pregnant women, maybe they are sorry, so forgiveness should kick in. And in the case of homosexuals, maybe they think that there's nothing morally wrong with it, so Priesthood of the Believer should kick in.
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Felix @ 7:14PM | 2004-03-24| permalink
It's unclear to me whether the California law takes any notice of whether the institution uses government monies. Certainly the idea that government money leads to government control is one that religious organizations should pay careful heed to, but religious conservatives that I talked to in Texas didn't seem interested in hearing that. Maybe they'll listen now?
And will do-gooder legislatures recognize any difference between organizations that do and don't receive government money in any case?
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